Warsaw Ghetto boundary markers

Bronze plates embedded directly into the sidewalk mark the former perimeter of the Warsaw Ghetto. Each plaque bears the name of the street and the years nineteen forty to nineteen forty-three in Polish and English. Before the uprising, these lines separated the largest Jewish community in Europe from the rest of the city. During the construction of the memorial route in two thousand eight, workers found original brick fragments of the ghetto walls buried beneath these very streets, right where the boundary markers sit.